School of Chemistry | Faculty of Science | The University of Sydney
Periodic Table (PDF) | Useful Data | Useful Formulas

CHEM1903 - Resources for Week 10


Topics and Learning Outcomes

  • Nitrogen Chemistry and Compounds
    •  write down an example compound for all the oxidation states of nitrogen, including hydrides, halides, oxyacids and oxides
    •  give several examples of nitrogen-containing explosives and explain how they function
    •  give a molecular interpretation/rationalization for the exothermicity of combustion reactions leading to CO2, H2O and N2
    •  distinguish between (explosive) decomposition and combustion reactions
    •  list the oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen and calculate the oxidation number of nitrogen
       
    •  distinguish primary and secondary pollutants
    •  write down the key reactions for the nitrogen atmospheric cycle, and use them to explain the generation of secondary pollutants nitrogen dioxide and ozone
    •  describe the mechanism of atmospheric generation of nitric acid through the nitrate radical, and explain why this becomes significant at dusk and is affected by humidity and pollution
    •  use the Second Law to determine whether a reaction will be spontaneous at high or low temperatures (or neither or both)
  • Equilibrium
    •  explain chemical equilibrium as a reaction mixture whose composition is unchanging in time, and relate this to the kinetic picture of equal rates of formation and decomposition of reactants and products
    •  define the equilibrium constant, and write it down for an arbitrary gas phase reaction
    •  calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for a reverse reaction from its value for a forward reaction, and if the stoichiometry is changed
    •  calculate the equilibrium constant for a reaction obtained by combining two other reactions
    •  calculate equilibrium compositions from starting compositions and the equilibrium constant for a simple gas phase reaction
    •  calculate the equilibrium composition for a chemical reaction from its equilibrium constant and mass balance information
    •  use appropriate aproximations for simplifying such calculations
    •  define the reaction quotient and use it to predict the direction of change in a reaction as it approaches equilibrium, or if it is perturbed from equilibrium.
    •  use the enthalpy of reaction to predict how the equilibrium constant changes with temperature
    •  explain that catalysts change the pathway and rate of reaction but not the position of equilibrium
    •  explain that entropy depends on concentration, but enthalpy can be treated as independent of concentration
    •  explain the reasons for the conditions used in the Haber Process, and apply the same reasoning to the optimization of other chemical processes, such as smelting
  • Equilibrium and Thermochemistry in Industrial Processes
    •  identify and explain the major steps in mineral extraction and purification into its metal
    •  Identify the major forms of mineral sources of metals and other elements
    •  read and interpret an Ellingham diagram, and use it to predict the temperature at which metal formation will be spontaneous
    •  relate activity and electronegativity to oxide stability
    •  define the terms gangue, slag, roasting and smelting
    •  identify (but not list) the top ten chemicals by production mass, their origins and uses
    •  explain how sulfuric acid is produced, including the thermodynamic and kinetic considerations of the synthetic steps
    •  describe the key elements of the nitrogen biocycle
    •  describe the preparation of phosphoric acid, and the relevance of ammonia and sulfuric acid in phosphate derivatives

Textbook and eBook References

  • Chemical Equilibrium - Chapter 9
  • Equilibrium and Thermochemistry in Industrial Processes - Chapter 9
the eBook reference is free and is taken from high quality sources.

Lecture Notes, Tutorial Worksheets & Answers and Suggested Exam Questions

You need to login to eLearning to access lecture notes.

ChemCAL and iChem Resources

Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium and Thermochemistry in Industrial Processes

Contributed Links and Resources

You can contribute resources to this site and rank the existing resources: log in to eLearning and follow the link to 'Contribute' under 'Course Resources'.

Chemical Equilibrium -  
  Using ICE tables  
 
Description: Tutorial on using ICE tables to solve chemical equilibrium problems
Tags: equilibrium | ICE tables  |  Contributed by Adam Bridgeman
 
  Chemical equilibrium tutorial  
 
Tags: equilibrium | Le Chatelier's principle  |  Contributed by Adam Bridgeman
 
  Le Chatelier's Principle  
 
Tags: eqilibrium | Le Chatelier's principle | reaction quotient  |  Contributed by Adam Bridgeman
 
Equilibrium and Thermochemistry in Industrial Processes -  


Contact Us | Privacy | ©2024 School of Chemistry | last modified Friday, 21 February, 2014 :: top of the page ::