(1.)
Add excess dilute hydrochloric acid or excess dilute nitric acid
(boil off carbon dioxide formed):
BaCO3(s) + 2H+ →
Ba2+ + H2O + CO2(g).
Solubility considerations are important here
- a number of other acids would be suitable for this reaction, but
not sulfuric acid since the insoluble compound, barium sulfate,
would form, leaving no Ba2+ in solution!
(2.)
Add excess dilute acid: Fe(OH)3(s) + 3H+ →
Fe3+ + 3H2O
(3.)
Add excess dilute acid: Zn(s) + 2H+ →
Zn2+ + H2(g)
(4.)
Add to excess water (dangerous!):
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) →
2Na+ + 2OH- + H2(g)
or
Add to excess ethanol (safer):
2Na(s) + 2C2H5OH(l) →
2Na+ + 2C2H5O- + H2(g).
The dissolved sodium ethoxide hence formed can
then be added to water to provide a water solution of sodium ions
without the hazard of reacting sodium with water directly.
(5.)
Add excess dilute acid (boil off hydrogen sulfide formed):
MnS(s) + 2H+ →
Mn2+ + H2S(g)
(6.)
Add excess dilute acid (heat to promote reaction):
CuO(s) + 2H+ →
Cu2+ + H2O
(7.)
Add excess dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute nitric acid (boil
off sulfur dioxide formed).
SrSO3(s) + 2H+ →
Sr2+ + H2O + SO2(g)
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