Topics

Atoms & Elements

• Element, compound & mixture
• Physical & chemical change
• Chemistry symbols
• Atomic structure: Electron, Neutron, Atomic number, Isotope, Radioactivity, Orbital structure

Molecules & Ions

• Formation: ions
• Ionic compounds
• Covalent bonding, valence
• Double bonds, triple bonds
• Nomenclature
• Polyatomic ions
• Empirical, molecular & structural formulas
• Bonding in solids

Chemical Equations

• Combination reactions, precipitation reactions, decomposition reactions & replacement reactions
• Ionic equations
• Specification of phase
• Chemical equations
• Acid & base

Stoichiometry

• Atomic mass
• Avogadro constant, mole, molar mass
• Percentage composition, empirical formula, molecular formula
• Calculations with equations
• Limiting reagents, percentage yield
• Molarity

The Periodic Table

• Periodic trends

Atomic Energy Levels

• Sub-shells
• Electronic configurations

Lewis model of bonding

• Lewis structures
• Pi bonding
• Resonance
• Chemical bond: O₃, CO₃^2-, NO₃^-

VSEPR

• Molecular geometry
• Shape & bonding: Functional group

Gas laws

• Temperature; pressure
• Ideal gas law

Thermochemistry

• Heat & temperature
• Greenhouse effect
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy

First law of thermodynamics

• Heat capacity
• Enthalpy
• State function & enthalpy
• Hess's law
• Fuels & Energy & carbon dioxide
• H₂

Intermolecular forces

• Dipole forces, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding
• Boiling point trends

Oxidation numbers

Nitrogen

• High explosives
• Nitrogen cycle, nitrification
• Nitrogen: hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids

Atmosphere: Nitrogen

• NO/NO₂
• Pollutant

Chemical equilibrium

• Dynamic equilibrium
• Equilibrium constant
• Reaction quotient
• K_p& partial pressure
• K_c & concentration
• K_sp
• Acid & base: Equilibrium constant
• Le Chateliers Principle

Equilibrium & thermochemistry: Industry

• Mining
• Copper extraction
• Steelmaking
• Industrial production: Sulfuric acid & ammonia

Electrochemistry

• Oxidation state
• Redox reaction
• Cell potential
• Half reaction
• Electrochemical cell
• Nernst equation
• Connection: E & K
• Concentration cell

Batteries & corrosion

• Primary batteries & secondary batteries
• Common batteries
• Fuel cells
• Corrosion; Corrosion protection

Electrolytic cell

• Electrolysis
• Overpotential
• Chloralkali process