Topics and Learning Outcomes

Allotropes
- define allotropes and give examples of common elements with allotropes

Crystal Structures
- define and give examples of alloys
- show how close packing of spheres can lead to hexagonal or cubic close packing
- identify the major metal structures - cubic close packed, hexagonal close packed, body centred cubic and simple cubic
- list the coordination number, packing efficiency and number of atoms in the unit cell of each of these packing types
- identify unit cells for cubic packing
- relate the unit cell contents and the stoichiometry
- calculate the packing efficiency in cubic unit cells
- rationalize the structure of simple ionic solids in terms of filling of the holes in the close packed structures

Textbook and eBook References

Crystal Structures - Section 7.4
Allotropes - Section 7.2

references are to: Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino and Wille, Chemistry, 3^rd Edition, 2015 (John Wiley)

Ionic bonding (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Solids (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Virtual: crystal structure (in ChemWiki)
Unit cell (in ChemWiki)
Crystal lattice (in ChemWiki)

the eBook reference is free and is taken from high quality sources.

Lecture Notes, Tutorial Worksheets & Answers and Suggested Exam Questions

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ChemCAL and iChem Resources

Crystal Structures

Contributed Links and Resources

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Crystal Structures -

Interactive 3D crystal structures

Tags: unit cell | ccp | hcp | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Caesium chloride unit cell

Description: Video showing how the crystal structure is built from the unit cell and how atoms on the corners end up being shared
Tags: CsCl | unit cells | crystal structures | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Sodium chloride unit cell

Description: Video showing how the crystal structure is built from the unit cell and how atoms on the corners, faces and edges end up being shared
Tags: FCC | unit cells | crystal structures | rocksalt | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Allotropes -

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