Fundamentals of Chemistry 1B
The order of topics presented here is essentially the order of presentation in the lecture course, although individual lecturers may make some variations from this. Some topics span more than one week.
Jump to week <1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> <10> <11> <12> <13>
Week |
Topics covered |
| Representations of Molecular Structure
- revise VSEPR, bonding and shape
- shape and hybridisation for alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
- stick notation
- functional groups and nomenclature
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Alkanes
- constitutional isomers
- conformational isomers
- cis/trans isomers of cyclic alkanes
Alkenes
- pi-bonds and structure
- E/Z isomers
- introduction to organic mechanisms
- addition reactions, mechanism of electrophilic addition
- Markovnikov's rule: carbocation stability
Aromatic Compounds
- benzene: aromaticity, resonance
- compare to alkenes |
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Structural Determination
- mass spectrometry
- infrared spectroscopy
- UV-visible spectroscopy
- 13C NMR spectroscopy
- MRI and medical applications
- problem solving exercises |
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Alcohols
- structure of alcohols, phenols and ethers
- H-bonding and physical properties of alcohols
- acid-base reactions of alcohols & phenols: resonance stabilisation and stability of conjugate base
-oxidation reactions
-elimination reactions and Zaitsev's rule
Amines - structure of amines
- H-bonding and physical properties of amines
- amines as bases
Stereochemistry - stereogenic centres
- optical activity
- (R), (S) nomenclature |
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| Stereochemistry continued
- racemic mixtures
- importance of chirality in nature and drug design
Organic Halogen Compounds
- substitiution reactions and scope
- SN2 mechanism
- elimination reactions
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Aldehydes and Ketones
- structure and polatiry
- nucleophilic addition reactions of hydride reducing agents
- oxidation of aldehydes
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- carboxylic acids
- acidity and resonance stabilisation of conjugate base
- reduction to primary alcohols
- formation of acid chlorides
- derivatives (acid halides, anhydrides, esters and amides)
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| Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Continued
- acid halides, anhydrides, esters & amides
- relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives
- interconversion and hydrolysis of derivatives
- polymers and example of nylon66
Synthetic Strategies
- design of target molecules
- problem solving |
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Strong Acids and Bases
- electrolytes - strong and weak
- autoionisation of water
- conjugate acid-base pairs
Weak Acids and Bases - carboxylic acids, carbonic acids, phenols
- ammonia, amines
Calculations Involving pKa - calculations involving pKa and pKb
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Calculations Involving pKa
- buffers
- common ion effect
Periodic Trends in Aqueous Oxides - acids and bases
Intermolecular Forces and Phase Behaviour - boiling point trends
- solid structure (ice, etc.)
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Physical States and Phase Diagrams
- single component
- enthalpy change
- entropy (qualitative) in gas-liquid equilibrium and endothermicity
- trends in elemental freezing and boiling points
Crystal Structures |
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Solubility Equilibrium
- calculations involving Ksp
- solubility trends as a function of polarity of solvents (e.g. alcohols in water)
- solubility of ionic solids
- role of intermolecular forces in solubility
- heats of solvation
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Hydrolysis of Metal Ions
- introduction ot the ligand bond
Metals in Biology - introduction to transition metal
Coordination Chemistry
- complexes
- cis/trans
- oxidation states
- colour
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Kinetics
- variability of reaction rates
- review of 1st order rate constants and radioactive decay
- mechanism and rate determining steps
- temperature and the Arrhenius relation
Kinetics - Catalysis
- altering the mechanism
- industrial example
- enzymes |
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TextbookEither of the following: |