convert between mass and moles and between moles and mass
work out the percentage yield in a chemical reaction by identifying the limiting reagent and the theoretical yield
use experimentally determined percentage composition to work out the empirical formula
use the ideal gas law to relate the number of moles, pressure, volume and temperature of a gas using the common units of pressure (atm, Pa and mmHg), volume (mL, L and m3) and the appropriate value of the gas constant, R
explain the characteristics of ionic, metallic and covalent bonding
draw out plausible Lewis structures for simple polyatomic molecules
assign bond orders based on sharing of electron pairs and resonance structures
identify single, double and triple bonds and the σ and π-components of these bonds
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