Topics and Learning Outcomes

Periodic Trends
- recognize trends in the Periodic Table and the correlation between the trends in atomic radii, ionization energies and electronegativity
- explain the origin of these trends in terms of the electronic structure of the atoms
- predict reactivity based on these trends, particularly how the acid, base or amphoteric character of an element's oxide and hydroxide are related to its position in the Periodic Table

Intermolecular Forces and Phase Behaviour
- list the types of intermolecular forces and their relative strengths
- identify the intermolecular forces that exist for particular compounds
- rank melting and boiling points for related compounds on the basis of these forces

Physical States and Phase Diagrams
- identify characteristics of physical states
- label phase diagrams and relate phase diagrams to changes in state with temperature and pressure
- explain the anomalous behaviour of water using its phase diagram
- define supercritical fluids and the behaviour of compounds above the critical point
- interpret simple two-component phase diagrams

Entropy
- define entropy in terms of the tendency of energy to spread out
- predict how entropy changes with the physical state, the temperature, the size of the molecule and the complexity of a molecule
- predict whether entropy increases or decreases for simple physical and chemical changes, especially for changes in physical state
- apply entropy concept qualitatively to predict the direction of phase changes

Textbook and eBook References

Periodic Trends - Sections 4.8 - 4.9 and 11.8
Intermolecular Forces and Phase Behaviour - Sections 6.7 - 6.8
Physical States and Phase Diagrams - Chapter 7
Entropy - Sections 7.3 and 8.4

references are to: Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino and Wille, Chemistry, 3^rd Edition, 2015 (John Wiley)

Intermolecular forces (in ChemWiki)
The second law of thermodynamics (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Phase changes (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Phase changes (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Supercritical fluids (in ChemWiki)
Phase transitions (in ChemWiki)

the eBook references are free and are taken from high quality sources.

Lecture Notes, Tutorial Worksheets & Answers and Suggested Exam Questions

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ChemCAL and iChem Resources

Periodic Trends

Electronegativity and bonding

Intermolecular Forces and Phase Behaviour

Physical States and Phase Diagrams

States of Matter

Contributed Links and Resources

You can contribute resources to this site and rank the existing resources: log in to eLearning and follow the link to 'Contribute' under 'Course Resources'.

Periodic Trends -

Intermolecular Forces and Phase Behaviour -

Physical States and Phase Diagrams -

Supercritical carbon dioxide

Description: At 31 'C, carbon dioxide becomes super critical if the pressure is very high. In the supercritical phase, it occupies space like a gas but flows like a liquid
Tags: phase diagrams | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

How to make liquid carbon dioxide

Description: Under pressure, dry ice melts to give liquid carbon dioxide. It only sublimes at lower pressures
Tags: phase diagrams | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

The chemistry of snowflakes

Description: Video showing how snowflakes form and grow
Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Supercritical carbon dioxide (2)

Description: Supercritical carbon dioxide being stirred like a liquid
Tags: phase diagrams | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Entropy -

Marbles defy entropy

Tags: entropy | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

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