Topics and Learning Outcomes

Gas Laws
- describe Boyle's, Charles' and Avogadro's Laws
- perform calculations using the ideal gas equation
- calculate partial pressures
- explain the molecular basis of temperature and pressure

Chemical Equilibrium
- write down the expression for K for any reaction of known stoichiometry
- predict reactants or products dominate the equilibrium state from the value of K
- predict the direction of the spontaneous direction of a reaction based on the relative values of Q and K
- explain the relationship between K and ΔG⁰
- determine the relationship between K_p and K_c for gas phase equilibria
- write equilibria expression for equilibria involving pure liquids and solids
- perform calculations to determine equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations and the value of K
- predict qualitatively the effects of changes in concentration, temperature and pressure on an equilibrium based on Le Chatelier's principle
- calculate the effect of a change in temperature on K based on its ΔH⁰
- explain how a catalyst speeds up the establishment of equilibrium
- understand the basis of heterogeneous equilibrium
- explain the experimental conditions of pressure, temperature and metal catalysed used in the industrial production of NH₃

Textbook and eBook References

Gas Laws - Chapter 6
Chemical Equilibrium - Chapter 9

references are to: Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino and Wille, Chemistry, 3^rd Edition, 2015 (John Wiley)

Gas laws (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Gases (in ChemWiki)
Le Chatelier's principle (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Equilibrium (in Wikibooks General Chemistry)
Chemical equilibrium (in ChemWiki)
The reaction quotient (in ChemWiki)
The equilibrium constant (in ChemWiki)
Le Chatelier's principle (in ChemWiki)

the eBook references are free and are taken from high quality sources.

Lecture Notes, Tutorial Worksheets & Answers and Suggested Exam Questions

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ChemCAL and iChem Resources

Gas Laws

Chemical Equilibrium

Contributed Links and Resources

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Gas Laws -

Charles' Law

Description: simulation
Tags: Charles' law | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Boyle's Law

Description: simulation
Tags: Boyle's law | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Phun Gas Law

Description: YouTube video with simulation of hot and cold air
Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Science of scuba diving

Description: summary of the gas laws and their relevance to diving
Tags: Henry's law | Boyle's law | Charles' law | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

Chemical Equilibrium -

Calculating equilibrium constants

Description: Tutorial on calculating Kc and Kp
Tags: Equilibrium | Contributed by Adam Bridgeman

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